Indo-Pacific Sustainment and the Battlefield of 2040

By LTC Mark A. Yore and LTC Eric J. EricksonJanuary 22, 2025

Carpenter Son, a general cargo ship, pulls into port during Exercise Balikatan 24 at the Basco Port in Basco, Batanes, Philippines, May 4, 2024.
1 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Carpenter Son, a general cargo ship, pulls into port during Exercise Balikatan 24 at the Basco Port in Basco, Batanes, Philippines, May 4, 2024. (Photo Credit: SSG Tristan Moore) VIEW ORIGINAL
MG Jered Helwig, the commanding general of the 8th Theater Sustainment Command receives a tour of the Joint Theater Distribution Center from CPT Shaun Ketner, officer in charge for download operations, 130th Engineer Brigade in Bandiana, Australia...
2 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – MG Jered Helwig, the commanding general of the 8th Theater Sustainment Command receives a tour of the Joint Theater Distribution Center from CPT Shaun Ketner, officer in charge for download operations, 130th Engineer Brigade in Bandiana, Australia May 22, 2024. (Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo) VIEW ORIGINAL
U.S. Army engineers with the 84th Engineer Battalion, 130th Engineer Brigade, 8th Theater Sustainment Command build a disaster relief warehouse during Salaknib 2024 in Itbayat, Philippines, June 6, 2024. Salaknib is an annual exercise between the...
3 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – U.S. Army engineers with the 84th Engineer Battalion, 130th Engineer Brigade, 8th Theater Sustainment Command build a disaster relief warehouse during Salaknib 2024 in Itbayat, Philippines, June 6, 2024. Salaknib is an annual exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the U.S. Military designed to strengthen bilateral interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences. (Photo Credit: Spc. Devin Davis) VIEW ORIGINAL
Australian Army M1A1 Abrams main battle tanks and vehicles are unloaded from the USAV SSGT Robert T. Kuroda at Tanjung Perak Port in Indonesia during Exercise Super Garuda Shield 2023.
4 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Australian Army M1A1 Abrams main battle tanks and vehicles are unloaded from the USAV SSGT Robert T. Kuroda at Tanjung Perak Port in Indonesia during Exercise Super Garuda Shield 2023. (Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo) VIEW ORIGINAL
U.S. Army divers with the 7th Engineer Dive Detachment, 84th Engineer Battalion, 130th Engineer Brigade, partner with Philippines service members for a port clearance operation during Salaknib 2024 in Basco, Philippines, May 25, 2024. Salaknib is...
5 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – U.S. Army divers with the 7th Engineer Dive Detachment, 84th Engineer Battalion, 130th Engineer Brigade, partner with Philippines service members for a port clearance operation during Salaknib 2024 in Basco, Philippines, May 25, 2024. Salaknib is an annual exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. Military designed to strengthen bilateral interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences. (Photo Credit: SPC Devin Davis) VIEW ORIGINAL
The Seacor Lee, an off-shore support vessel, is docked and ready to receive crates of equipment owned by the 593rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command, 1st Multi-Domain Task Force, and 62nd Medical Brigade in support of Operation Pathways 2024 at...
6 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – The Seacor Lee, an off-shore support vessel, is docked and ready to receive crates of equipment owned by the 593rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command, 1st Multi-Domain Task Force, and 62nd Medical Brigade in support of Operation Pathways 2024 at the Port of Tacoma, Mar. 19, 2024. The equipment will be used to assist the units as they participate in this exercise, which has multiple smaller exercises in conjunction with it to create a “pathway” that links the U.S. and its Pacific partners, promoting interoperability and increased readiness. (Photo Credit: SPC Derick Fennell) VIEW ORIGINAL
Low-Cost Low Velocity Container Delivery Systems rigged with Class I await airdrop during the Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center rotation 25-01 at Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Oct. 8, 2024.
7 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Low-Cost Low Velocity Container Delivery Systems rigged with Class I await airdrop during the Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center rotation 25-01 at Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Oct. 8, 2024. (Photo Credit: CW3 Jaison Santiago) VIEW ORIGINAL
Low-Cost High Velocity Container Delivery Systems rigged with Class I await inspection during the Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center rotation 25-01 at Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Oct. 8, 2024.
8 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Low-Cost High Velocity Container Delivery Systems rigged with Class I await inspection during the Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center rotation 25-01 at Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Oct. 8, 2024. (Photo Credit: CW3 Jaison Santiago) VIEW ORIGINAL
4th Quartermaster Theater Aerial Delivery Company and New Zealand Parachute Riggers prepare an 8-foot Type V airdrop platform using two water blivits during the Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center rotation 25-01. at Hickam Airforce Base,...
9 / 9 Show Caption + Hide Caption – 4th Quartermaster Theater Aerial Delivery Company and New Zealand Parachute Riggers prepare an 8-foot Type V airdrop platform using two water blivits during the Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center rotation 25-01. at Hickam Airforce Base, Oct. 2, 2024. (Photo Credit: CW2 Brian Hand) VIEW ORIGINAL

Providing an accurate prediction of what sustainment on the 2040 battlefield will look like is a difficult and near-impossible task. Many of us have been waiting since 1989 for the delivery of the hoverboard that Marty McFly expertly maneuvered in Back to the Future II. Conversely, in 2007, many of us — other than maybe Steve Jobs — could not fathom the capability of having video conversations on a handheld device. To remain innovative and reimagine our capabilities, we must first keep pace with current emerging technology. Although the original smartphone was at the forefront of technology in 2007, one would be at a severe disadvantage relying on that version of the device today. One of the Chief of Staff of the Army’s priorities is Transformation in Contact (TiC). To inform the battlefield of 2040 and TiC, we must revise the acquisition process to invest in capabilities versus a specific type of equipment, test and train with the latest technology, reduce the size of the associated logistics tail, and leverage predictive logistics capabilities.

Acquisition Process

At times, we build requirements based on current and emerging technology, and by the time we field the equipment, train our Soldiers to use it, and employ it in combined training exercises, the technology is out of date. Technology evolves so quickly. To keep pace, we must reimagine the acquisition process to enable units at echelon to continually transform in contact. To remain competitive, we need the ability to rapidly acquire the latest fill-in-the-blank capability and discard equipment that no longer provides the required capability.

We all have that friend who takes pride in having the oldest smartphone known to man, or even a flip phone. Although we applaud our friend for being fiscally responsible, he or she is behind the technological power curve and potentially a less effective Soldier. The ability to provide our Soldiers with the latest and greatest technology to increase lethality is not a new idea. So why have we not changed the acquisition process?

Although there have been modifications and authorities granted within the acquisition process, the change required is hard. It will require the DoD’s approval and, in some cases, congressional legislation. Furthermore, our pacing threats’ capabilities have rapidly increased, and our ability to keep pace has proven increasingly difficult. The operational environment has and will continue to rapidly change, and we must prioritize the need to modify our processes accordingly.

Test and Train the Latest Technology

Our methods of training with new equipment must change. The ideas of adding training to a professional military education, sending a mobile training team, and even training-the-trainer models will not keep up with the pace at which technology will continue to evolve. We must leverage our most prized weapon system and the comparative advantage we have over other militaries — our people, or more specifically, our NCO corps.

To transform in contact, we need to receive new capabilities with little more than manuals and training videos. Recent lessons learned in Ukraine display a military’s ability to rapidly field, train, and employ new capabilities. Our younger Soldiers today grew up in a tech-savvy environment and can quickly adapt to new versions, updates, and complete changes to a capability. TiC may require a different approach to risk and trust that our leaders at echelon can test and train new capabilities in a safe and measured approach. Some technologies or capabilities, such as the new XM7 rifle, may require modifications to firing ranges or different ammunition to conduct training, but we must not slow down the acquisitions or fielding processes for equipment that requires training modifications. Although we strive to provide predictability through quarterly and semi-annual training briefs, we must continue to adapt and remain flexible to incorporate innovations in training and testing in our training plans.

Reduce Logistics Tail

To reduce our logistics tail we must look at new ways of delivering all commodities throughout the battlefield. In many places where we may be called to fight in the Pacific, we will not have the ability to execute the large logistics convoys we grew accustomed to in Iraq and Afghanistan due to terrain and risk. Using the latest manned and unmanned aerial delivery capabilities or watercraft capabilities will be necessary to meet the requirements in the Pacific. Additionally, Army prepositioned stocks that support the Pacific must be repositioned and accessible west of the International Date Line to decrease the requirement for unit equipment and the tyranny of distance in the Pacific. Not only will this reduce the time to equip our forces in crisis and conflict, it will also provide opportunities to reduce the cost of training during operations for the Army and the joint force. Most important, as warfighting requirements and capabilities are built, we must ensure parts can be 3D printed at the lowest possible echelon and remove the term “long-lead parts” from our lexicon. Additionally, testing and certifying our partners and allies’ 3D printing capabilities would increase interoperability and mitigate supply chain concerns.

If the supply chain becomes a significant constraint to a capability, then decisions to shift funding to a new capability must happen rapidly. Contracting capabilities to fill a requirement gap due to the inability to organically support it will continue to be a mitigating factor that must be operationalized through predictive logistics analysis tools. As the Army continues to modify and lean logistics formations through the Army structure process, it is imperative to increase our interoperability with our allies and partners in the Pacific. By increasing interoperability and capitalizing on foreign military sales, we can reduce our organic logistics tail, creating opportunities for increased mobility and the ability to plug into local supply chains.

Predictive Logistics

As stated earlier, it is nearly impossible to accurately predict the battlefield of 2040. That said, we do know that the sustainment requirements in the Pacific will quickly exceed the Army and joint force’s sustainment capabilities if they are not synchronized. In recent years, the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command has acknowledged this sustainment gap and has increased the capabilities of the Pacific Command Deployment and Distribution Operations Center. However, matching requirements to all available movement options involves searching multiple systems, using battle rhythm events, and a lot of human interaction. We must use artificial intelligence (AI) to match movement requirements to all available joint options.

Our systems must know the current maintenance status, the historical reliability of a platform, and the risk if that platform is destroyed or if the capability is not delivered, with minimal human interaction. AI may inform commanders that an unmanned aerial delivery option is the best option to reduce the risk of losing a ground platform and availability. There are many examples of the underuse of our transportation assets due to a lack of visibility or synchronization, and AI can significantly increase our transportation efficiency.

Commanders will always ultimately make decisions regarding risk, but AI can minimize the margin of error and provide immediate data analysis to arm leaders to make rapid decisions. However, an overreliance on artificial intelligence to enable predictive logistics could lead to atrophy in logisticians’ ability to conduct analysis and build quality running estimates, which could prove detrimental if predictive analysis systems are compromised or fail.

Conclusion

TiC is creating what our Army and sustainment will be in 2040. If we do not continue to acquire, test, and continually update our capabilities to match the dynamic changes to emerging technology, we will struggle to keep pace with threats in the Pacific and around the world. Reducing our logistics tail and maximizing predictive logistics AI capabilities must occur to conquer the tyranny of distance in the Pacific and the speed of conflict. Lastly, we must trust our leaders to quickly adapt and train new capabilities without the formal prescriptive training we are accustomed to in the Army. Our people in the Army and joint forces are our comparative advantage, and they will continue rising to the challenges by transforming in contact.

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LTC Mark A. Yore serves as the transportation operations branch chief for the 8th Theater Sustainment Command. He has a master’s degree in global and international studies from the University of Kansas. He is a graduate of the Army Command and General Staff College.

LTC Eric J. Erickson serves as the deputy director of logistics for the Special Operations Command North. He has a master’s degree in higher education administration from the University of Louisville. He is a graduate of the Army Command and General Staff College.

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This article was published in the winter 2025 issue of Army Sustainment.

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