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C4 aftermath from being launched from a U.S. Army M58 mine-clearing line charge assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, explodes during a combined arms live-fire exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL2 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Spc. Riley Horton, 572nd Brigade Engineer Battalion, 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, maneuvers an M1083 Light Medium Tactical Vehicle, transporting an M58 mine-clearing line charge to deploy during a combined arms live-fire exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL3 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
Smoke rising from the explosion caused by C4 that was launched from the U.S. Army M58 mine-clearing line charge assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, during a combined arms live-fire exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL4 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Soldiers assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, fire mortars downrange during a combined arms live-fire exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. The platoon, whose motto is “Dreadnought”, used M252 81mm and Soltam K6 120mm mortar systems throughout the iterations. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL5 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Spc. Garrette Shanks, combat medic, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, relays a message through the hand mic in a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle as part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL6 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army 1st Lt. Jason Anderson, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, conducts a sandtable brief for U.S. Soldiers and Hellenic soldiers, before the company starts a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL7 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Capt. Andrew Wallace, Delta Company commander, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, conducts a safety brief before the company starts a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL8 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Soldiers assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, operating High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turrets armed with an M2A1 .50 Cal machine gun and two M240 machine guns hold their positions as Hellenic soldiers provide support with Leopard 2A6 HEL tank assigned to the 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion, First Army, Greece, during a combined arms live-fire night exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL9 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Soldiers assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, operating High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turrets armed with two M2A1 .50 Cal machine guns and two M240 machine guns fire rounds during a combined arms live-fire night exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL10 / 10Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Soldiers assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, operating High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turrets armed with two M2A1 .50 Cal machine guns and two M240 machine guns fire rounds during a combined arms live-fire night exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL
KRIVOLAK, North Macedonia — U.S. Soldiers assigned to the 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard participated in a combined arms live-fire exercise, May 29-31, 2025, during Immediate Response 25. Immediate Response 25 is a large-scale, joint exercise with NATO allies and partners taking place at the Krivolak Training Area in Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 26 to June 9, and is part of DEFENDER 25, the U.S. Army’s premier large-scale deployment exercise in Europe.
DEFENDER 25, Dynamic Employment of Forces to Europe for NATO Deterrence and Enhanced Readiness, demonstrates the U.S. Army’s capability to move troops and equipment across long distances, integrate with Allied forces, and project combat power across the European theater.
“These exercises are an opportunity for us to come together with partners from our NATO Allies and ensure that when we combine together in these larger numbers, we also have the interoperability it takes to do something like the combined arms exercise,” said U.S. Army Lt. Col. Nathan Fry, commander of the 3rd Battalion. “That we can mass all of our combat power together to get the job done.”
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Service members from the U.S. Army, center, the U.S. Marine Corps, right, and the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia, coordinate tactical movements during a combined arms live-fire exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela C.P. Granger)
(Photo Credit: Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL2 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Spc. Wesley Raney, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, operates an M1A2 .50 cal. machine gun on a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turret as he waits for his platoon to start their iteration during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL3 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Spc. Riley Horton, 572nd Brigade Engineer Battalion, 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), maneuvers a M1083 Light Medium Tactical Vehicle, transporting an M58 mine-clearing line charge as Staff Sgt. James Burbo, truck commander, 572nd BEB, 86th IBCT(MTN), oversees the operation of the vehicle as part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL4 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Sgt. Jesse Kerlin-Smith, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, maneuvers a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle during Immediate Response 25, one of the DEFENDER 25 training exercises, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL5 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Travis Boutin, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, fires an M2A1 .50 cal. machine gun from a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turret during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL6 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army 1st Lt. Jason Anderson, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, conducts a sandtable brief during Immediate Response 25, one of the DEFENDER 25 training exercises in Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL7 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
A Leopard 2A6 HEL tank commander, left, assigned to 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion, First Army, Hellenic Army, Greece, gives directions to the tank behind him during Immediate Response 25, one of the DEFENDER 25 training exercises, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025.Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL
This live-fire event marked a critical milestone in DEFENDER 25’s Immediate Response phase, showcasing the ability of U.S. and NATO partner forces to rapidly deploy and execute complex combat operations alongside allies in strategic locations across Europe.
“All plans are great on paper, but until we actually get out and get to take part in these large exercises, we’ll never know what our allies are capable of,” said U.S. Army 1st Lt. Jason Anderson, a platoon leader with Delta Company. “How we all blend together and fit in, when we do need to work together in real military operations.”
The day and night CALFEX focused on joint tactical integration between the United States and Greece, emphasizing suppressive fire coordination, combined maneuvering, and precision strike capabilities using all available weapons systems and tactical assets.
“We conducted a live-fire exercise, culminating from a crawl, walk, run — dry, blank, live. The overall mission for us was to attack to control an objective for us to conduct follow-on missions and to open up lines of communication for other units,” said U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Trever Lacasse, a section leader in D Company. “I think it's important to do that progression from small unit level, up to these large-scale events with our NATO partners.”
The three-day event progressed through a crawl-walk-run approach, starting with dry runs, where the company ran through several iterations of the exercise before moving on to blank-fire iterations the following day. On the final day, the U.S. and Hellenic Armies executed a full live-fire assault exercise, executing day and night operations with a wide array of weapons systems and platforms, highlighting joint coordination, combined fires and real-time battlefield decision-making.
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U.S. Soldiers with the 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, dismantle a blank M58 mine-clearing line charge used during a training exercise as part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL2 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL3 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Brett Bushee, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, resets a blank M58 mine-clearing line charge as part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025.Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL4 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Marine Corps Capt. Alexander Wilson, a joint terminal attack controller, 2nd Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company, II Marine Expeditionary Force Information Group, waves at Hellenic Army pilots from 1st Army Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, First Army, Greece, as they fly by the oberservation point in an AH-64 Apache helicopter during a combined arms live-fire exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL5 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. John Moccio, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, scans for training targets with an M240 machine gun on a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turret during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL6 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Spc. Garrette Shanks, a combat medic assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, is ready to provide medical assistance in a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL7 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
Hellenic soldiers fire rounds from a Leopard 2A6 HEL tank assigned to the 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion, First Army, Greece, during a combined arms live-fire night exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL
The culminating live-fire event featured coordinated fires and movement across multiple domains. Hellenic AH-64 Apache helicopters, controlled by Hellenic Army pilots from the 1st Army Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, First Army, supported by U.S. Marines from the 2nd Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company, II Marine Expeditionary Force Information Group, launched the assault exercise with precision missile strikes. This was followed by mortar fire from U.S. M252 and Soltam K6 systems. Hellenic Army Leopard 2A6 HEL tanks then advanced under the command of a combined U.S.-Hellenic team, supporting U.S. Humvees armed with M240 and M2A1 machine guns.
Together, coalition mounted infantry forces advanced to clear and hold the objective, paving the way for the 572nd Brigade Engineer Battalion, 86th IBCT (MTN), to breach the area using an M58 Mine-Clearing Line Charge, MICLIC, transported by an M1083 Light Medium Tactical Vehicle. The MICLIC detonated 1,750 pounds of C4 to create a safe path for follow-on forces, producing a powerful shockwave and dense plume of smoke across the battlefield.
As D Company secured the final objective, the day exercise concluded, demonstrating successful multinational synchronization and combat readiness.
“My platoon crushed it,” said Lacasse, “I’ll be a little biased there. I think the overall performance from the first platoon, Delta Company element, and our Greek partners was absolutely amazing. Overcoming some challenges, whether it be language or equipment, we were able to get all that aside and execute the mission flawlessly.”
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U.S. Army Staff Sgt. John Moccio, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, scans for training targets with an M240 machine gun on a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turret during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL2 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Sgt. AJ Friend, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, maneuvers a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle as Staff Sgt. Travis Boutin of the same company scans firing lanes with an M2A1 .50 cal. machine gun on a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turret during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL3 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
A Hellenic Army Leopard 2A6 HEL tank assigned to the 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion, First Army, Greece, provides direct support back to the starting point during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL4 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Capt. Andrew Wallace, Delta Company commander, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, delivers a brief prior to firing line execution during Immediate Response 25 as part of DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. This exercise was performed in partnership with the Greek 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion, First Army, Hellenic Army. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Pfc. Raul Boamah)VIEW ORIGINAL5 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Spc. Wesley Raney, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, operates a mounted M2A1 50 cal. turret on top of a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle during Immediate Response 25, one of the DEFENDER 25 training exercises, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: Courtesy)VIEW ORIGINAL6 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Travis Boutin, left, and Sgt. Shane Vinton, Delta Company, 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, man an M2A1 .50 Cal machine gun and an M240 machine gun respectively on High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turrets during a combined arms live-fire exercise rehearsal as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 30, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL7 / 7Show Caption +Hide Caption –
U.S. Soldiers assigned to 3rd Battalion, 172nd Infantry Regiment (Mountain), 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain), Vermont National Guard, fire rounds from an M2A1 .50 Cal machine gun and two M240 machine guns on High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle turrets as Hellenic soldiers provide support with Leopard 2A6 HEL tank assigned to the 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion, First Army, Greece, during a combined arms live-fire night exercise as a part of Immediate Response 25 during DEFENDER 25, Krivolak Training Area, Krivolak, North Macedonia, May 31, 2025. Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside Allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025. DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises—Swift Response, Immediate Response, and Saber Guardian—Ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
(Photo Credit: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Michaela Granger)VIEW ORIGINAL
As the sun set on the final day, U.S. and Hellenic troops executed a second live-fire exercise, using U.S. Humvees and Hellenic tanks under the cover of total darkness. Working together in nighttime conditions added a new level of challenge and helped soldiers improve their coordination, communication, and trust.
“For the Vermont National Guard, and the Army National Guard as a whole, these are things you would never know existed if you didn’t take that step, dip a toe in the water, and go out and see a recruiter,” said Anderson. “I’m super grateful that I enlisted back in 2019, eventually taking up a commission, because it has broadened my horizons and I have stories to tell my children that I never knew I’d be able to tell.”
Demonstrating global deterrence and the U.S. Army’s ability to rapidly deploy U.S.-based combat power in Europe and the Arctic region alongside allies and partners, DEFENDER 25 brings U.S. troops together with forces from 29 Allied and partner nations to build readiness through large-scale combat training from May 11-June 24, 2025.
DEFENDER 25 increases the lethality of the NATO alliance through large-scale tactical training maneuvers and long-range fires, builds unit readiness in a complex joint, multinational environment, and leverages host nation capabilities to increase the U.S. Army’s operational reach. During three large-scale combat training exercises — Swift Response, Immediate Response and Saber Guardian — ally and partner forces integrate and expand multi-domain operations capability, demonstrating combined command and control structures and readiness to respond to crisis and conflict.
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