Getting the scoop on cholesterol numbers

By Mary Ann Crispin, RN, Kenner Army Health ClinicJune 11, 2015

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FORT LEE, Va. (June 11, 2015) -- Lately, it seems like news programs and products are inundated with stories about cholesterol. Words like "good" and "bad" are thrown around with numbers that probably would be more meaningful if they were better explained.

Here are some general guidelines:

• Total cholesterol -- a desirable level is less than 200 mg/dL

• LDL or Low Density Lipoproteins -- should be less than 100 mg/dL

• HDL or High Density Lipoproteins -- greater than 40 mg/dL is desirable

• Triglycerides -- less than 150 mg/dL is best

High blood cholesterol is one of the risk factors for heart problems. The higher the level, the greater the risks for developing heart disease or having a heart attack.

Excess cholesterol can build up and eventually make arteries narrower and more difficult for blood and oxygen to get where they need to go -- to vital organs. Over time, this may block the oxygen rich blood to the heart or brain leading to heart attacks, strokes or death.

However, cholesterol is naturally occurring in the body and actually is important to health. It's one of the fats (lipids) found in every cell in the body. Cholesterol and other lipids are important building blocks to make hormones and produce energy.

Cholesterol levels can be affected by heredity, gender or age. High cholesterol can run in families. After menopause, women may see a gradual rise in their levels. As people age, their natural cholesterol levels will slightly increase.

To some extent, food choices impact the cholesterol level in blood. However, too much cholesterol can be just as detrimental as too little.

It's important for people to work with their health provider and learn what levels are desirable for them and how often it is recommended to check the levels. Levels in the desirable range may need to only be checked yearly.

Making lifestyle changes can positively impact cholesterol levels. If one is overweight, adding an exercise program along with good eating habits can lower not only cholesterol but also lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Stopping smoking can help. Reducing cholesterol-laden foods (meat, poultry, egg yolks) while increasing foods with fiber (whole grains, seeds, fresh fruit) can help reduce cholesterol levels.

Don't be discouraged if a provider orders medication -- the goal is to prevent the damage that occurs when levels remain high for a long time. It is not recommended to make quick, dramatic changes to eating and exercise habits. Setting goals, obtaining those goals and making a long term commitment to your health are more effective ways to lower cholesterol levels over time.